Hollow furnace wall and brick therefor



Jan. 1, 1929. 1, 97,403

0. NYGAARD HOLLOW FURNACE WALL AND BRICK THEREFOR 2 Sheets-Shet 1 Filed May 5, 1926 &

ATTORNEY.

Jan. 1, 1929.

, 1,697,403 O .NYGAARD HOLLOW FURNACE WALL AND BRICK THEREFQR Filed May 5, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 a INVENTOR. 1 4

Patent Jan. 1, 192a 1;} N I T OSCAR NYGAARD, 0F SAUGUS, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNQ'JR T0 BERNITZ FURNACE A1- PLIAINCE COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF MASSA- CHUSETTS.

nonnow rnmmon WALL Ann BRICK 'rnnnnron.

Application filed May 5, 1926. serial a... 106,865.

This invention relates to furnace walls and to bricks adapted to be used in the building of such walls. The invention is especially concerned with the type of furnace walls, shown for instance in the Bernitz Patent No. 1,393,606, in which a forced circulation of air is maintained for any purpose, as for example, to keep the temperature of the wall below the point at which ash and slag will stick to it.

It is the chief object of the invention to devise a brick or block whiclrwill facilitate the building of hollow furnace walls, and to provide a wall construction of this type which will have superior mechanical strength and rigidity and which can, moreover, be built economically. p

The nature of the invention will be readily understood from the following description when read in connection with the accompan ing drawings, and the novel features will e particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings,

Figure 1 is a perspective view, partly in cross-section, of a portion of a furnace wall constructed in accordance with this invention- Figs. 2 and 3 are perspective views of bricks or blocks rovided by this invention and from which t e front section of the Wall shown in Fig. 1 is built;

Fig. 4 is a transverse, vertical, cross-sectional view through the wall shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view on the line 5-5, Fig. 4;

Figs. 6 and 7 are horizontal cross-sectional views on the lines 66 and 7-7, respectively, Fi 4; and

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a modified construction of brick.

Referring first to Fig. 3,, it will be observed that the brick or block there shown comprises a body portion 2 of rectangular outline on which the face of the brick is formed. Projecting rearwardly from the central part of this body portion is a vertical flange 3 which extends the entire height of'the brick. This brick and the brick 4 shown in Fig. 2 are designed to be used in building the front section of a hollow furnace wall and the flange 3 serves to space the main body of the brick from the rear section of the wall, the flange having an end face 5 to abut against the rear Wall section. Two relatively large notches 6 and 7 are formed in the flange 3, in stepped relationship to each other, the latter notch being defined by a vertical face 8 and a horizontal face 9. This notch is adapted to receive a tie brick, and for this purpose the face 9 preferably is offset from the lower edge of the brick by a distance slightly greater than the thickness of a brick of the ordinary or conventional size and shape.

The brick shown in Fig. 2 is much like that shown in Fig. 3 but instead of being of T- shape in plan view, as is the brick 2, is of a U-shape. That is, it has two vertical flanges 1010 extending rearwardly from the opposite edges of the body portion 4 thereof, each I of these flanges being approximately half the Width of the flange 3 of the brick 2. The flanges 1010 have the same configuration as the flange 3, being provided with end faces 5 and with notches 6 and 7 like those of the latter flange.

The wall construction shown in Figs. 1 and 4 to 7, inclusive, comprises a front section A and a rear section B. The rear section usually is made of ordinary bricks, while the front section is made of bricks like those illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3. These bricks are laid in horizontal courses with the flanges 3 and 10 projecting rearwardly and abuttingagainst the rear section B of the wall, the

flanges thus serving to space the main part of the front wall section A from the rear sec-M tion B. The flanges 1010 of adjoining bricks 4 in one course are superposed upon the flanges 3 of the bricks 2 in the next lower course, or vice versa.

In order to unite the two wall sections tie bricks 12 are extended forwardly from the rear section B and project into the notches 7 in the bricks 2 and 4 of the front section.

from an inspection of Figs. 5, 6 and 7 that these partitions also perform the function of dividing the space in the hollow wall into vertical air passages 14. The notches 6 Figs. 4 and 5 which are formed tranversely through the are formed invthe rear wall section B, these headers extending horizontally in the wall for the entire length of the air cooled section.

The vertical air passages 14 connect these two headers. Pipes 17 and 18 are connected into the headers and air is forced throu h the pipes leading to one header, this air owing through the passages 14 to theother header, and being carried away by the pipes leading from the latter header. The horizontal air passa es prtivided by the notches 6 permit a free ow of air betwen adjacent vertical air passages 14: so that a very uniform distribution of air throughout the entire hollow sec tion of the wall is maintained.

At the top and bottom of the ventilated section of the wall masonry construction of the ordinary type may be employed. In those portions of the front wall section immediately opposite the air headers 15 and 18 where an ordmary'tie brick cannot be used, a small section of brick 13, Figs. 1 and 4, is inserted in the notches 7 of the bricks 2 and 4 to fill up these notches and give additional mechanical strength to the wall at these points.

In some cases it is desirable to omit the air circulating notches 6, and in such cases bricks like those shown in Figs. 2 and 3 are provided except that the faces 5 and 9 are continued fit) until they meet. A U-shaped brick of this character is shown in Fig. 8. and the construction of a T-brick omitting the notch 6 is obvious from an inspection of Fig. 8. In the construction shown in Fig. 8 the entire part of the flange which overhangs the notch 7 is of uniform height.

It will now be appreciated that this invention provides a wall construction which is very strong and rigid mechanically, can be built economically, and is particularly well adaptedforaircooling. 'Theairpassagesperunit a free circulation of air in contact with the highly heated portions of the bricks which make up the front or face section of the wall,

and the flanges of the bricks assist the cooling action by conducting the heat backwardly away from the faces or body portions of the bricks and presentinga large surface to the air currents so that the rapid dissipation of the heat is facilitated.

The bricks may be made of any suitable material, but usually are made either of silicon carbide or fire clay. The bricks shown have the advantage of being economical to manufacture, they are convenient to lay, and

they facilitate the bonding of the front and rear sections of the wall together with tie Ericks and eliminate the necessity of using tie ars.

While I have herein shown and described a'preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied in other forms without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. For example, the body portions of the bricks may, if desired, have holes formed through them to admit air to the combustion chamber, as in the construction shown in the Bernitz patent above identified. Minor changes also may be made in the design of the bricks while still retaining their essential features and characteristics.

Having thus described my invention, what I desire to claim as new is: p

1. A furnace wall comprising front and rear wall sections, the front section including bricks having rearw ardly projecting upright flanges abutting against said rear section and providing vertical air spaces between said rear section and themain part of said front section, tie bricks projecting from said rear section and anchored between superposed flages of the bricks of said front section, said flanges and tie bricks cooperating to provide vertical partitions partly separating said vertical air spaces from each other, and said flanges being notched transversely to provide horizontal air passages connecting said vertical air spaces.

2. A brick for furnace wall construction comprising a body portionon which the front face of the brick is formed, and a spacing flange projecting rearwardly from said body portion and having a face forming a continuation of one edge face of said body portion of the brick, said flange having two notches therein in stepped relationship to each other and both extending through the entire thickness of the flange, one of said notches being adapted to receive a tie brick.

3. A brick for furnace wall construction comprising a body portion on which the front face of the brick isformed, and a spacing flange projecting rearwardly from said body portion and havlng a face forming a continuation of one edge face of said body portion of the brick, one edge of said flange being notched for its entire thickness to receive a tie brick, said flange also having a second notch therethrough and having a rear face approximately parallel to'the front face of said brick.

4. A brick for furnace wall construction comprising a body portion on which the face of the brick is formed, and a flange projecting from the back of said body portion, said I flange having two relatively large notches therein both of which extend through the entire thickness of the flange, one of said notches being adapted to receive a tie brick while the other provides lateral communication beifzlween the spaces at the opposite sides of said an e.

5. A brick for furnace/wall construction comprising a body portion on which the front face of the brick is formed, and a flange projecting from the back of said body portion and having an edge face to engage a tie brick, said edge face extending at approximately right angles to said body portion but being offset from the edge of said body portion, said flange also including a tapered part having an edge surface inclined to both of said faces.

6. A brick for furnace wall construction comprising a body portion on which the front face of the brick is formed, and a flange projecting rearwardly from said body portion and having an edge face extending at approximately right angles to said body portion, said edge face being offset with reference to one edge of said body by a distance suflicient to receive a tie brick, said flange also including a tapered part having an edge surface inclined to both of saidfaces and having an end face approximately parallel to the front face of the brick.

7. A furnace wall comprising front and front section, said flanges bein shaped to permit a horizontal circulation 0 air between said front and rear sections.

8. A furnace Wall comprising front and rear wall sections, the front section including bricks each having a rearwardly projecting upright flange extending from. the central portion thereof and abutting against said rear section, whereby said flanges permit a vertical circulation of air between said front and rear sections, and tie bricks connecting said front and rear sections, the forward ends of said tie bricks being anchored to said upi right flanges of said bricks in the front section, and said flanges being shaped to permit a horizontal circulation of air between said front and rear sections.

9. A furnace wall comprising front and rear wall sections, the front section including a course of bricks made of highly refractory material, each brick having upright rear- Wardly projecting flanges extending from opposite ends thereof, said front section also including an adjacent course of'bricks each having an upright flange projecting rearwardl from the central portion thereof, Where y a circulation of air is permitted between said sections, said end flanges of the bricks in one course being vertically alined with the central flanges of the bricks in an adjacent course, and tie bricks anchored to said upright flanges of the bricks in adjacent courses of said front section and serving to bond said front and rear sections together,

OSCAR NYGAABD. 

